Hitoshi Kokumai

5年前 · 2 分の読書時間 · ~10 ·

ブログ作成
>
ブログ Hitoshi
>
‘Informed’ consent must be ‘Respected’. ‘Misinformed’ Consent must be ‘Corrected’.

‘Informed’ consent must be ‘Respected’. ‘Misinformed’ Consent must be ‘Corrected’.

 

In February 2018 we felt a big shockwave to have heard a mind-bogglingreport of unnecessary deaths presumably brought by biometrics misunderstood from India where the biometrics; is mandatory for its Aadhaar-based Public Distribution System. There have since been intriguing new findings.

According to a report from India, actual False Acceptance Rates turned out to be 6% for fingerprints and 8.5% for iris scans in the large-scale use case of Aadhaar, which may look far higher than you have heard. And, a follow-up report says that a lock function has been introduced for the biometrics data.

By the way, the reports refer to ‘failure’ or ‘glitch’ of biometrics, but it is not necessarily correct. 'False Rejection' as against 'False Acceptance' is inherent in biometrics; there is no biometrics that is free from False Rejection. Let us explain this point closely.

A graph (*1) below shows the False Acceptance Rates (FAR) and False Rejection Rates (FRR) of two biometrics products - one relatively more accurate and the other less accurate.

FRR (F alm Rejection Rass)

 

False Acceptance Rates and False Rejection Rates

 

 

10

104

104

    
   

3% (Equa Error Rates)

10%

10°

  
 

procuct®
(more accurate)

 
 

FE EE ET)
FAR (Fate Accegtance Rates)

What this graph indicates is, firstly, that FAR and FRR are not the variables that are independent from each other, but are dependent on each other.

A FAR could be fixed only against a certain FRR, i.e., both variables can be positioned only at the same single point on the same single curve. In other words, the couple of a FAR and a FRR can exist only in a certain combination.

Secondly, it also indicates that the lower a FAR is, the higher the corresponding FRR is. The lower a FRR, the higher the corresponding FAR. That is, FAR and FRR are not just mutually dependent but are in a trade-off relation

The level of a FAR that rejects a twin would have to bring the level of a FRR that rejects the registered user very frequently. The level of a FRR that eliminates the need of a fallback means would have to bring the level of a FAR that accepts nearly anyone.

Thirdly, also indicated is that the more accurate the biometrics sensor becomes (the lower the Equal Error Rate becomes), the curve goes downwards/leftwards in this graph. But, when a FAR is 0 (zero), the corresponding FRR still remains close to 1 (one). When a FRR is 0 (zero), the corresponding FAR remains close to 1 (one).

Another graph (*2) helps us to grasp how FAR and FRR are mutually dependent and also in a trade-off relation.

fc6525df.png

Move the threshold to the right (more strict) and we would see the combination of a lower FAR and a higher FRR. Moving it to the left (more lenient), the outcome would be the combination of a higher FAR and a lower FRR.

The presence of False Rejection, however close to 0 (zero) the rate might be, would require a fallback means against the False Rejection.

If the officials responsible for the Aadhaar-based PDS had been informed of the above, they must have provided a fallback means in case of the false rejection. Then this kind of misery could have been avoided. We have to wonder how it was possible that these people were not advised of the issue of false rejection.

The touted merits of biometrics were (a) security higher than passwords and (b) convenience better than passwords. We have been trying to demystify (a) and the actual case of Aadhaar and the like will hopefully be demystifying (b).

* Look at this brief video for demystification (a) of biometrics.

Biometrics in Cyber Space -"below-one" factor authentication


""
コメント

Hitoshi Kokumaiの記事

ブログを見る
2年前 · 2 分の読書時間

Our password headache may well be the consequence of these dual causes - · ‘Use of Impracticable Pas ...

2年前 · 2 分の読書時間

https://aitechtrend.com/quantum-computing-and-password-authentication/ · My latest article titled ‘Q ...

2年前 · 2 分の読書時間

I take up this report today - “Facebook's metaverse plans labelled as 'dystopian' and 'a bad idea'” ...

この職種に興味がある方はこちら

  • 株式会社フロンティアダイレクト 採用担当

    国際チャイルド支援申込受付スタッフ

    次の場所にあります: Whatjobs JP C2 - 6日前


    株式会社フロンティアダイレクト 採用担当 大阪市 城東区, 日本

    【職種名】 · 【国際NGOチャイルド支援】 · **仕事内容**: · ===オープニングスタッフ=== · 世界75カ国以上で活動を展開する · 国連に公認・登録された · \国際NGOチャイルド支援団体/ · 途上国の子どもに対して、 · 「生きていく力」と「未来を変える力」を育て、 · "自立する力"を後押しする活動を目的とした団体 · そんな国際NGO団体の公式支援窓口として、 · 寄付金申込受付を担っていただくお仕事 · - 好条件高時給 · ・週3日の給与例(月あたり4週間の場合) · 1,650円/時×7時間=11,550円/日 · 11 ...

  • Lian Connect

    株式会社リアンコネクト ヒューマンリソース部

    次の場所にあります: Talent JP C2 - 1日前


    Lian Connect Sakai, 日本

    お仕事情報 · お仕事内容 · 組み立て・加工・検査・機械オペレーターなどカンタン作業をお任せします · 希望に合った工場のお仕事をご紹介します。 · ・組み立て · →マニュアルに沿って部品を組み立てるお仕事です。 · 単純作業で未経験でも安心です。 · ・機械オペレーター · →装置に部品をセットして、マニュアルに沿ってボタンを操作するお仕事です。 · 最初は覚える事もありますが、機械が製造する為、操作が中心で体の負担が少ないお仕事です。 · その他、検査や部品供給、塗装、加工など様々なお仕事がございます · ご希望やご経験をお伺いした上でご紹 ...

  • 社会福祉法人ひよこの会

    エミールの森 ひよこ保育園|保育士|正社員

    次の場所にあります: beBee S2 JP - 11時間前


    社会福祉法人ひよこの会 横浜市栄区, 日本 TEMPORARY

    【エミールの森 ひよこ保育園の求人ポイント】 · ◆JR京浜東北線 本郷台駅よりバス 小菅ヶ谷橋 徒歩3分。 · ◆月給196,362円~ · ◆賞与:年2回(2.7ヶ月) · ◆園児定員:72名(0~5歳) · ◆即日勤務OK · ◆認可保育園の保育士 · ----- · 勤務地 · ----- · 神奈川県横浜市栄区小山台1-33-10 · ----- · 最寄り駅 · ----- · JR京浜東北・根岸線本郷台駅 徒歩バス3分 · ----- · 園名 · ----- · エミールの森 ひよこ保育園 · ----- · 施設形態 · ----- · ...